Nuclear Energy Mission and the 2047 capacity pathway

One line

The Nuclear Energy Mission aims for 100 GWe of nuclear capacity by 2047, using large reactors and small modular reactor technologies.

Summary

Nuclear power can provide low-carbon firm electricity, but expansion requires high capital investment, strong safety regulation, fuel security, waste management, and public confidence.

PYQ pattern

UPSC can link nuclear energy with energy security, climate goals, technology, regulation, and radioactive-waste management.

Core notes

The stated strategy combines 700 MWe indigenous pressurised heavy-water reactors with advanced large reactors.
Proposed smaller designs include the 220 MWe Bharat Small Modular Reactor and a 55 MWe model.
Brownfield deployment may repurpose sites of retiring fossil-fuel plants, subject to safety and siting requirements.
Nuclear capacity is not the same as actual annual generation.

Prelims lens

GWe measures electrical generating capacity.
PHWRs use heavy water as moderator and coolant.
SMRs are defined by smaller unit size and modular construction, not by zero risk.

MCQ 1

The Nuclear Energy Mission cited a capacity goal for:

A. 2030
B. 2040
C. 2047
D. 2070

Reveal answer

C

The announced goal is 100 GWe by 2047.

MCQ 2

Which statement is correct?

A. Installed capacity and annual generation are identical.
B. SMRs remove the need for nuclear regulation.
C. PHWRs form part of India's indigenous reactor strategy.
D. Nuclear power produces electricity without a fission reaction.

Reveal answer

C

Indigenous PHWR deployment is part of the expansion pathway. Capacity and generation remain different measures.

Mains

Question, 10 marks, 150 words: Assess the opportunities and constraints in expanding nuclear power in India's energy mix.

Approach:

Link firm low-carbon power with energy security.
Explain large reactors, SMRs, and domestic capability.
Discuss finance, regulation, waste, fuel, safety, and public trust.
Suggest independent oversight and transparent project evaluation.