Science and technology ยท GS3
Gaganyaan human-spaceflight roadmap
One line
The Department of Space reported key milestones in Gaganyaan, India's programme for demonstrating indigenous human-spaceflight capability.
Summary
Human spaceflight requires launch reliability, crew escape, life support, re-entry, recovery, medical protocols, and mission operations to work as one system.
PYQ pattern
UPSC can link human spaceflight with technology spillovers, risk governance, international cooperation, and strategic capability.
Core notes
- Uncrewed missions test systems before crewed flight.
- A crew-escape system moves astronauts away from a failing launcher.
- Re-entry requires thermal protection and controlled deceleration.
- Human rating means demonstrating specified reliability and safety for crewed use.
Prelims lens
- Gaganyaan is led by ISRO.
- Low Earth orbit is much closer than geostationary orbit.
- Re-entry heating arises largely from compression and interaction with the atmosphere.
MCQ 1
A crew-escape system is designed to:
- A. Separate the crew module from a hazardous launch vehicle
- B. Generate satellite electricity
- C. Measure ocean salinity
- D. Provide orbital internet
Reveal answerHide answer
A
It protects crew during specified launch emergencies.
MCQ 2
Why are uncrewed precursor missions important?
- A. They test integrated systems without exposing crew
- B. They eliminate every future risk
- C. They replace astronaut training
- D. They avoid re-entry testing
Reveal answerHide answer
A
Precursor flights validate hardware, software, recovery, and operational procedures.
Mains
Question, 10 marks, 150 words: What capabilities must India integrate for a safe and sustainable human-spaceflight programme?
Approach:
- Cover launcher, escape, life support, re-entry, and recovery.
- Discuss testing, human rating, and medical preparation.
- Note cost and institutional learning.
- Link with wider space-science benefits.